You don't need to read Terraform to know whether your cloud estate is in good shape. You need to ask a few plain questions and listen for hesitation. Confident answers are a good sign. Vague ones usually point straight at where the risk lives.
Here are the five I'd start with.
1. If we lost the whole environment tonight, how long to rebuild it, and do we know or are we guessing? When the infrastructure is defined as code, the answer is hours, and someone can show you the repository that proves it. When it was built by hand in the portal, the honest answer is weeks, and much of it lives in one person's memory. The distance between those two answers is most of what "cloud maturity" really means. Infrastructure as Code, explained is the fuller version of this one.
2. Who can delete production, and what stops them doing it by accident? "Nobody would" is a hope, not a control. A resource lock is the cheap version of a real answer: production refuses to be deleted until someone deliberately removes the guard. See Stop someone deleting prod.
3. Can we show an auditor how a rule is enforced, not just that we wrote it down? A policy in a slide deck protects nobody. A policy assigned in the platform enforces itself on every deployment and produces the compliance evidence as a side effect. If your governance only exists in documents, it isn't governance yet.
4. When spend jumps, do we hear it from an alert or from the invoice? One of those is management. The other is archaeology. A budget alert at 80% is the difference between reacting this week and explaining last quarter.
5. If our lead cloud person left on Friday, what breaks on Monday? Key-person risk stays invisible right up until it doesn't. If the honest answer involves a single name, that's an architectural weakness, not just a staffing quirk. As-code, reviewed in pull requests, is how you turn a person into a process.
None of these need a technical answer from you. They need a confident one from your team. If more than one draws a pause, that's where I'd point the next conversation.
Next: when Azure's fancier network option is worth paying for, and when it isn't.